CHAPTERS 25 AND 26

Download the original attachment:

Glass Steagul Act
This act provided for banking reform and set up the FDIC. The FDIC is short for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and it insured bank deposits up to $5,000 dollars to encourage people to use banks.
FDR’s Gold Standard Policy 

The CCC
It provided employment for young men in the areas of forestry, flood control, and soil conservation. It was part of the New Deals “relief” sector.
F.E.R.A (1933)
Gave federal money to the states and cities to feed the needy and pay for public works projects. It was also part of the relief sector of the New Deal.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933)
Known as the AAA, it paid farmers to reduce production and offered aid to them. It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1936.
Civil Works Administration (1933) [CWA]
The Civil Works Administration was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of unemployed. The jobs were merely temporary, for the duration of the hard winter. Harry L. Hopkins was put in charge of the organization. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveiled the CWA on November 8, 1933. The CWA was a project created under the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). Because FERA failed to give people jobs, another program was needed and the CWA the answer.
Supreme Court Decisions with the NRA and the AAA
United States vs. Butler determined that the AAA was unconstitutional due to the fact that its processing tax was illegal. The second case dealt with the NRA (AKA the NIRA) and stated that it was an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power to the Executive, and was not a valid exercise of congressional commerce clause power.
The Second New Deal
The Second New Deal" (1935–36) was a more radical redistribution of power; it included union protection programs, the Social Security Act, and programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers. The Supreme Court ruled several programs unconstitutional (some parts of them were however soon replaced, with the exception of the National Recovery Administration).
WPA
The works progress Administration employed manual labors to build roads, bridges, and public buildings. In addition the WPA supported the arts and literature with such projects as the Federal Writes projects, the federal music project, Federal Arts project, and the federal theatre project. The WPA was part of the ERAA; the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act (1935), which established work programs that would be financed by the government, the WPA was one of the more decisive programs.
The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act (2-AAA) 

Wagner Act
Implemented after the NIRA was declared unconstitutional, the Wagner Act legalized union membership in the USA. As a result union membership soared from 3 million in the 1920’s to almost 11 million in 1933.
GM Strike
Also known as the Flint Sit down Strike, it occurred in the winters of 1936 and 37, it changed the United Automobile Workers from a collection of isolated locals on the fringes of the industry into a major union and led to the unionization of the United States automobile industry. Workers basically stopped work and refused to leave the floor shop. This prevented the employers from reopening the factory with replacement workers. This particular strike resulted in General Motors recognizing the United Auto Workers as the bargaining unit for its 400, 000 workers.
Steel Strike
The SWOC (the steel workers organization committee) began organizing major rallies/drives of thousands of people; these sometimes broke out into bitter strikes. On Memorial Day 1937 a group of striking workers from republic steel rallied their families for a picnic and demonstration. When they began to march peacefully and legally towards the steel plant police open fired. 10 demonstrators were killed, and that’s why, to this day, this “steel strike” is known as the Memorial Day massacre.

-1. TVA
-1. Tennessee Valley Authority Act
-1. To improve the navigability and to provide for the flood control of the Tennessee River; to provide for reforestation and the proper use of marginal lands in the Tennessee Valley; to provide for the agricultural and industrial development of said valley; to provide for the national defense by the creation of a corporation for the operation of Government properties at and near Muscle Shoals in the State of Alabama, and for other purposes.

-1. Social Security
0-1. Social Security in the United States is a social insurance program funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Tax deposits are formally entrusted to Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, or Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund or the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. The main part of the program is sometimes abbreviated OASDI (Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance) or RSDI (Retirement, Survivors, and Disability Insurance). When initially signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, the term Social Security covered unemployment insurance as well. The term, in everyday speech, is used only to refer to the benefits for retirement, disability, survivorship, and death, which are the four main benefits provided by traditional private-sector pension plans.
-1. Court Packing Plan
-1. A move by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court and then bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the Court. Roosevelt proposed to pack the Court in the 1930s, when several conservative justices were inclined to declare parts of his program, the New Deal, unconstitutional. Congress would not allow the number of justices to be increased, and Roosevelt was criticized for trying to undermine the independence of the Court.
-1. John Maynard Keynes/ Keynsian Economics
-1. Keynsian Economics is an economic theory based on the ideas of twentieth-century British economist John Maynard Keynes. The state, according to Keynesian economics, can help maintain economic growth and stability in a mixed economy, in which both the public and private sectors play important roles. Keynesian economics seeks to provide solutions to what some consider failures of laissez-faire economic liberalism, which advocates that markets and the private sector operate best without state intervention. The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936.
-1. Powell v. Alabama
零. Chief Justice Charles Evan Hughes
零. 1932
零. Conviction of 9 Scottsboro Boys for rape was ruled unconstitutional because they were denied counsel from the time of their arrangement to the beginning of their trial.
-1. Norris v. Alabama
零. Exclusion of all negroes from a grand jury by which a negro is indicted, or from the petit jury by which he is tried for the offense, resulting from systematic and arbitrary exclusion of negroes from the jury lists solely because of their race or color, is a denial of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed to him by the Fourteenth Amendment.
零. Whenever a conclusion of law of a state court as to a federal right is so intermingled with findings of fact that the latter control the former, it is incumbent upon this Court to analyze the facts in order that the enforcement of the federal right may be assured.
Evidence reviewed and found to establish systematic exclusion of Negroes from jury service in two Alabama counties, solely because of their race and color.